This study examines the emergence of techno-populist leadership within the framework of techno-politics, focusing on Elon Musk’s use of digital platforms. By analyzing Musk’s communication style, the study explores how technology leaders utilize direct, unfiltered digital engagement to amplify populist rhetoric, mobilize support and redefine leadership dynamics in the digital age.

This study employs a qualitative thematic analysis of Elon Musk’s tweets from 2022 to 2024. Using Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework, it identifies recurring themes such as populist rhetoric, humor and anti-establishment messaging. Key turning points and events are analyzed to contextualize Musk’s communication strategies within the broader framework of techno-populism.

The study reveals that Elon Musk’s communication on Twitter/X exemplifies a unique techno-populist leadership style, blending populist rhetoric, humor and strategic anti-establishment messaging. Musk leverages digital platforms to bypass traditional gatekeepers, fostering direct engagement with followers. Key themes include his emphasis on free speech, resistance to institutional control and promotion of technological innovation as societal solutions. Humor and memes are integral tools in creating viral, relatable content, enhancing his image as a disruptor. Musk’s rhetoric demonstrates how digital platforms amplify polarizing messages, redefine leader–follower dynamics and facilitate global influence, while raising concerns about accountability and the potential erosion of democratic norms.

This study uniquely integrates techno-politics and leadership theories, offering a novel perspective on Elon Musk’s digital communication strategies. By analyzing his tweets, it highlights how technology leaders employ populist rhetoric and digital tools, providing valuable insights into evolving leader–follower dynamics in the digital age.