Atıf İçin Kopyala
Toktaş Ş.
Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis, cilt.10, sa.3042, ss.83-99, 2013 (Hakemli Dergi)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
10
Sayı:
3042
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Basım Tarihi:
2013
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Dergi Adı:
Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
British Education Index
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.83-99
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Polis Akademisi Adresli:
Hayır
Özet
In this paper, the political
history of Turkey
is presented with a focus on the process of democratization. Usually Turkish
political history is categorized into periods marked by the party systems and
the constitutions. The classical periodization of Turkish political history is
the Single Party Period, the Multi-Party Period and the Post-1980 Period. In
light of this classical approach, the article follows a chronological format. The
first part covers the Single Party Period through the years 1923-1945. The
second part continues with the Multi-Party Period and summarizes the events
between 1945-1980. The third part mainly deals with the Post-1980 Period and
makes an overview by reflecting on the events that dominate the contemporary
situation. The Single Party Period is dominated by the reform programmes taken for
Turkey’s
advancement to the level of contemporary civilizations – that is the western
civilization (i.e. The abolition of the
Caliphate, the adoption of the Republican Constitution, the adoption of the Hat
and Clothing Law, the western calendar and timing system, the Civil Law, the
women’s right to elect and be elected in general elections and etc.). These
reforms known as the Kemalist reforms initiated by the single party at the time
– the Republican People’s party - aimed specifically the policies regarding a)
nation-building; b) secularization; c) modernization and westernization; d)
democratization; and e) state formation. The Multi-Party Period is dominated by
the transition to multi-party politics and the entrance of difference parties
within the ideological spectrum to Turkish public life. Yet, the consolidation
of democracy, in the Turkish context, also brought by the chances taken by the
Turkish military to intervene in politics for three times, first in 1960 and
then in 1971 and 1980 in response to the political chaos, instability,
fragmentation and polarization all of which threatened security. The Post-1980
Period is marked by the adoption of a new constitution – the 1982 Constitution.
Furthermore, due to the process of globalization and the rise of the New Right
in the 1980s and 1990s, liberalization policies backed the accession process in
the European Union were introduced